Throughout the history of the world’s automotive industry, various safety, welfare and technical features have been developed and stepped up, and have become a way for many years to become compulsory. In the meantime, safety systems have a separate discussion of equipment and facilities because they are also used by other automotive companies to review their abilities, and usually after some time and prove their efficiency, They are endorsed by governments as mandatory standards for installing cars.
In this article, we look at the most important safety systems throughout the history of the automobile, which also show some evolutionary safety of the car, and have had the most impact in reducing accidents and deaths for occupants and third parties.
Safety belt
Although many rumors of these days have been heard in the cyberspace of being an inventor of the safety belt, it must be kept in mind that the first belt was patented in the mid-19th century by an English engineer in New York. But the use of this very efficient tool for the first time in a mass production vehicle was carried out by Nash companies in 1949 and Ford in 1955, which was also followed by experiments conducted by an investigative body on the amount of salvage This piece was made on the occupants of the car. It should be noted that despite the various types of safety systems in today’s modern vehicles, the safety belts still have the highest efficiency with more than 50% reduction in accident damage, and this figure is estimated at 30% for airbags. .
Crunching points
In 1952, the Mercedes-Benz company designed its own W114-wagon, the Mercedes-Benz architecture, which in its design for the first time took the passive safety of the body professionally. It is always trying to stay as healthy as possible in the crashes, and the nose of the car absorbs most of the kinetic energy generated by the accident in order to minimize its impact on the cabin. To do this, you need to use frayed and crash-absorbing points, and this is the plan that Mercedes made for the first time in the W114.
Disc brakes
As the speed of the cars progressed over time, the need for a faster, shorter, and safer stop was felt very hard, and this was exactly the problem that could not be solved in the bowl brakes. For the first time, disc brakes were unveiled in Birmingham, England, in 1902, but the lack of technology for mass production of this unit led to Jaguar, the first time in the 51 years, to use disc brakes in its racing car, the Jaguar C-Type, and In 1955, Citroen used DS to use this technology for the first time in a mass production car.
Three-point safety belt
Amini’s belts were very simple at first and made of two parts that were clamped together. These belts took the driver and passenger freedom during ride and, as it was not customizable, there were problems for the users. Until in 1958, a Volvo engineer named Nice Bohlin invented the three-point safety belt, and Volvo quickly used it as a standard in its products. It is not a bad thing to know that in England the wearing of a seat-belt was mandatory for the driver and student since 1983, and since 1991 the European seat belt has been approved for all people in the car.
Air bag
Airbag, or the same airbag, was born in the United States in the 1950s, but in Europe it can be said that for the first time in the most serious world in the world, Mercedes-Benz used this technology on its riding cars. In the 1980s, the German company used the Airbag in its W126 series, which was then a selective option from the buyer. After Mercedes-Benz, the Porsche used in its 944 product and later on the Honda Legend of Airbus this time as a standard and not an option, and with the saving effect of this segment, other automobile companies by the end of the twentieth century They are even included in the list of safety devices for their products.
ABS
One of the reasons for accidents is the severe braking caused by the locking of the wheels, especially the front axle wheels, which will also lead to deviation of the car and the ability to steer and drive the car from the driver. Mercedes-Benz, the company’s most-renowned automobile manufacturer, registered its use of an anti-lock braking system in mass-produced vehicles in 1978, while the system was already used for airplanes It was introduced in 1929. The system described by Bush, a developer of various car systems to date, was prepared and originally purchased for the W116 S-Class, and for the first time Ford Company was awarded the 1985 Granada product The system itself is standardized.
Pedestrian airbag
Pedestrians are thrown in the collision with the car on the engine’s door, and in most cases they collide with the glass or the end of the engine’s head, causing severe damage to the head, which in some cases will also result in death. The pedestrian airbag is a solution Volvo proposed in 2012 and has begun using its V40. In this system, an airbag opens under the car’s underside of the car in the event of an accident, so that the pedestrian’s head will be replaced by a glass instead of a collision with the car, and in this way the engine door is slightly angled. As the body of the pedestrian body collapses, it will also be reduced. Pedestrian airbags are activated for speeds up to 50 km / h, and the detection of collisions with pedestrians from collisions with animals, vehicles and other obstacles is handled by seven sensors located on the nose of a car.
Adaptive cruise control
Cruise control has the task of keeping the speed of the car on track, but the important thing is that this system is categorized as vehicle comfort, and if the obstacle appears on the vehicle and the driver does not slow down, it will be necessary to deal with it. . But the comparative model that can be adapted to the speedometer by the car, Mercedes-Benz, and the company’s Class S and CL, were implemented in 1999, which in both cases reduced or accelerated the speed of the vehicle’s front, the ability to coordinate with it. Had. This is done by the radar on the car’s nose, and after the Mercedes-Benz, Jaguar also used its comparable cruise control in its Xperia X Coupe.
Sustainability control program
Assume we are in a moving car with the car and according to the type of motion and the speed of the vehicle or the angle of the screw, the vehicle is going out of the road. This can also occur to keep track of obstacles or braking in a path that does not match all the wheels, because in this case, if all the wheels receive the same braking force, because they have different speeds at wrapping time , The car will be unbalanced. The Sustainability Control Program, known as ESC and ESP, was developed in 1995 by Mercedes-Benz and BMW, and was first introduced on the S-Class and the Series 7, which was to detect the tendency to exit the vehicle from the track and To control the car, the wheels were braked separately and controlled by the throttle, the power and torque produced by the engine. With the success of the two German companies in the development of this product, Toyota, Audi and Volvo were quickly using it for their own make-up, and from 2014, all car manufacturing in continental Europe should be equipped with this system.
Exit warning system
Many of the accidents are due to driver drowsiness, which leads to a deviation of the vehicle from the sides and the handling of obstacles or other vehicles. In 2005, Citroen used a system in its three C5, C4, and C6 cars to scan the road lines and warn the driver if the car crosses and crosses these lines and shakes the seat. Or the command wakes it from possible drowsiness. Today, many European automakers use this system in their lightweight construction.